Velocity analysis of a lateral wave

In practice, the reflected EM signal cannot be clearly observed in GPR data due to high water content and other reasons. However, antenna coupling through ground interface is dominated all measurements. This direct that travels called a lateral wave. The properties of wave directly depend on subsurface properties, especially electrical parameters. We have numerically analyzed its velocity. Subsequently, relationship between dielectric permittivity was determined by polynomial regression. Analytically, it challenging analyze parameters can influence propagation. Antenna characteristics, surface roughness, etc need considered. Numerically, we designed system with layer numerical analysis give chance use for near-surface soil content. gives more precise estimation Moreover, height effect influences radar signals. highly affected height. depended wavelength applied electromagnetic By adjusting height, unobservable detected.